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·Electromagnetic isotope separation EMIS has near perfect selectivity but the production rate is extremely low and the cost is prohibitively high making it only suitable for isotopes with a milligram to gram per year demand Chemical methods use the isotope effects in the Gibbs free energy
This book presents the papers given at a conference on electromagnetic isotope separation Topics considered at the conference included general separator technology stable isotope enrichment techniques the ORNL separation status charged particle optics on line separator systems and target techniques ion beams ion sources helium jets mass spectroscopy laser
·The electromagnetic isotope separator is widely used for high purity isotopes separation since 1940 s due to the advantages of extremely high separation efficiency Tracy and Aaron 1993; Chauvin et al 2004a; Abramychev et al 1992 especially for the separation of the heavy elements therefore with the increasing demand for high purity isotopes an
·An isotope enrichment system for 39 Ar has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics which is designed to increase the abundance of 39 Ar in the incident sample gas With intense Ar beams produced by a GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source and a high mass resolution spectrometer system Ar isotopes are evidently separated on the
Ultra dry YbCl3 with purity of % was selected as the separation raw material according to the requirements of electromagnetic isotope separation on raw materials The trajectory of ytterbium ion beam in magnetic field was simulated and the effects of magnetic induction intensity and beam opening angle on the dispersion of ytterbium
·Isotope Separation Enrichment Radioactive Most elements are found as mixtures of several isotopes For certain applications in industry medicine and science samples enriched in one particular isotope are needed Many methods have therefore been developed to separate the isotopes of an element from one another Each method is based on some
·Electromagnetic method is one of most important methods of isotope separation From the early 1960 s to the mid 1980 s four electromagnetic isotope separators have been developed and constructed at the China Institute of Atomic Energy CIAE For almost 25 years CIAE has been separating more than 100 kinds of isotopes of 20 elements
·The electromagnetic isotope separator is widely used for high purity isotopes separation since 1940 s due to the advantages of extremely high separation efficiency Tracy and Aaron 1993; Chauvin et al 2004a; Abramychev et al 1992 especially for the separation of the heavy elements therefore with the increasing demand for high purity isotopes an
·Although the separation factor for the electromagnetic process calutron was 104 times that of gaseous diffusion high throughput and reliability made gaseous diffusion the process of choice Laser Isotope Separation LIS processes are able to combine selectivity and dissociation energy in a single step from a single laser Two step
Many of the problems in electromagnetic separation are rooted in the technology of handling plasmas at high charge density They are analogous to the ones experienced in the controlled thermonuclear fusion program Developments there might result in a new look at large scale electromagnetic isotope separation Thermal diffusion
Isotope separations of irradiated samples of samarium with low levels of radioactivity will be performed to assist in the design of an electromagnetic separator facility with commercial scale {JeffriesDevelopmentOA title={Development of a novel titanium thermal ionization cavity source for electromagnetic radioisotope separation of
·6 Li and 7 Li two natural isotopes of lithium play an important role in the nuclear industry Here a system of ionic liquid crown ether was fabricated for lithium isotope separation and the 6 Li isotope separation coefficient can reach that showing a good prospect for lithium isotope separation by this method of electromigration Interestingly the single crystal
DOI /0168 9002 93 90521 I Corpus ID 120244074; Electromagnetic separation of stable isotopes at China Institute of Atomic Energy article{Meiqin1993ElectromagneticSO title={Electromagnetic separation of stable isotopes at China Institute of Atomic Energy} author={Xiao Meiqin and Lu Hongyou and Sun Shijun and Lin Zhizhou} journal={Nuclear
·The enrichment of isotopes by exploiting the difference in the bending radii of equal energy ions of different masses in a dipole magnetic field was an important application of A J Dempster s development of the first modern mass spectrometer in 1918 [] This concept of electromagnetic isotope separation EMIS was implemented on a massive scale by E O
This report describes the design and technical characteristics of the electromagnetic mass separator S 2 VNIIEF employed in the production of highly enriched isotopes of heavy actinide elements with a small relative difference of mass numbers The mass separator S 2 provides highly enriched isotopes in amounts adequate for nuclear physics and applied investigations
·Introduction Proposals for separating and enriching isotopes came about almost immediately after isotopes were discovered In 1919 Lindemann and Aston examined a vast array of possible methods including fractional distillation chemical separation gaseous diffusion gravitational and centrifugal separation along with separation of positive ions with electric and
The atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS method shown conceptually in Fig 6 produces uranium vapor injects laser energy at the precise frequency to ionize only the 235 U atoms and separates the 235 U ions from the 238 U atoms with an electromagnetic field Research and development efforts on this method are top priority in the United States and of
·In the early days of the uranium project electromagnetic methods of isotope separation were rejected primarily because of the expected effects of space charge In the fall of 1941 the question was reopened; experiments at Berkeley showed that space charge effects could be largely overcome Conse quently a large scale program for the
·Introduction Electromagnetic isotope separation at China Insti tute of Atomic Energy CIAE started in 1962 Since then several types of electromagnetic isotope separa tors such as a small 90separator a medium sized 255separator and a 180production isotope separa tor have been designed and constructed in our labora tory
·For the past 25 years Russia has relied heavily on the electromagnetic separation process for the production of middle and heavy mass stable isotopes The separation of most light isotopes had been centered in Georgia which after the collapse of the USSR left Russia without this capability In the mid 1970s development of centrifuge
In order to excite the other isotope a different resonant frequency is required which depends on the plasma density the relative concentration of electrons if the plasma contains electrons the strength of the magnetic field the ratio of charge to mass of the isotope and possibly on the physical parameters of the plasma apparatus itself
·INTRODUCTION In Chapter IV we said that the possibility of large scale separation of the uranium isotopes by electromagnetic means was suggested in the fall of 1941 by E O Lawrence of the University of California and H D Smyth of Princeton University In Chapter IX we described the principles of one method of electromagnetic separation and listed
·Unlike other methods of isotope separation the electromagnetic method gives high enrichment in a single stage It is a versatile method; therefore being applicable in principle to any isotope of any element electromagnetic separation is useful for the preparation of a variety of isotopes The samples can be supplied in a form that is
·The DOE IP owns about 250 stable isotopes spanning 59 elements available through the National Isotope Development Center catalog The majority of these isotopes were obtained through electromagnetic separation in Manhattan Project era calutrons These isotopes have served as feedstock for
·Nuclear Instruments and Methods 186 1981 25 33 North Holland Publishing Company ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION OF STABLE ISOTOPES AT THE INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY ACADEMIA SINICA HUA Ming da LI Gong pan SU Shi jun MAO Nai feng and LU Hung yung Institute of Atomic Energy Academia Smica Beijing China For almost 20
