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·The transformation reaction of mineral phases under the temperature of 400 °C was determined by thermodynamic calculation as follows i Partial oxidation of metal sulfide ii Chlorination of metal sulfide and metal oxide by Cl 2 produced from NaCl decomposition iii Sulfation of metal oxide and metal chloride by Na 2 SO 4 produced from
·As a very effective metallurgical method for processing complex metal minerals Chlorination metallurgy has been widely used in the metallurgical industry energy of metal elements Me and R to chlorine and the kinetic conditions of chlorination reaction to carry out chlorination roasting experiments on gold bearing concentrates which
·Extraction of metal from metal oxides resided in ores or minerals by chloride process can be described briefly as follows in the presence of a reductant solid metal oxide reacts with a gaseous chlorinating agent to form metal chlorides and the oxide of the reductant Chlorination kinetics of aluminum bearing minerals Metall Trans B 6B
·the chlorination and carbochlorination of this residue This article focuses on the kinetics of chlorination and car bochlorination of pure tantalum and niobium pentoxides with Cl 2 N 2 and Cl 2 CO N 2 gas mixtures as a first step for the recovery of these refractory metal compounds from the leaching residue II LITERATURE REVIEW The
The feasibility of chlorinating metal oxides by slurrying the solid reactants in NaCl AlCl/sub 3/ melts at 530 to 850/sup 0/C and then sparing chlorine into the melt has been investigated A mechanically agitated semi batch reactor was used to test the effect of temperature oxide and carbon loading salt composition and gas flow on the reaction rate Chlorination of pure
·The strategic interest in the exploitation of non bauxite ores in Italy for aluminum production by non conventional processes is discussed This research has resulted from a large number of recent investigations of alternative raw materials and processes as well as an understanding of the vital importance of aluminum metal and the dependency of most
·Despite the disparate results some kinetic models have been accepted by researchers for the kinetic analysis of calcium bearing minerals carbonation process [159 160] such as the shrinking core model surface coverage
It appears that the requirement of close physical contact posed difficulties in the chlorination of plagioclase Fluidized bed reactors have been reported to work very well however for the D D D D Table II Comparison of the Chlorination Behavior of Several Aluminum Bearing Minerals Theoretical Maximum % Weight Loss
·The utilization of titanium bearing blast furnace slag TBFS has been widely concerned which is mainly related to the recovery of titanium resources In order to realize the efficient and clean recovery of titanium resource the main titanium bearing phases CaTiO 3 MgTiO 3 and Mg 2 TiO 4 in TBFS with high content of MgO were investigated in CH 4 H 2
This review adds to the public domain literature on the extraction of lithium from mineral ores The focus is on the pyrometallurgical pre treatment of spodumene Information on the phase transformation from α to β the heat treatment methods as well as the behavior of various compounds in the roasting processes are evaluated Insight into the chemical thermodynamics
·The kinetics of the chlorination process were investigated by the Kissinger and Flynn Wall Ozawa method to determine the average activation energy and the kinetic equation and that the diffraction peaks of metal bearing minerals disappear indicating that they have been chlorinated From Fig 4d it can be seen that the structure of
The Bayer process is a chemical process for refining aluminium hydroxide Al OH 3 from bauxite; this aluminium hydroxide is subsequently calcined to produce alumina Al 2 O basis of the Bayer process is an understanding of the characteristics of the sodium hydroxide—sodium aluminate solution relationship namely its ability to keep sodium aluminate in a dissolved state
·Lithium was recovered from both Li bearing minerals kunzite hiddenite and lepidolite and Li bearing slags using a chlorination roasting process at 1100 °C under an argon atmosphere
·refractory vanadium bearing carbonaceous gold ores vanadium is also of high economic value in addition to gold Thus it is necessary to investigate the influence of chlorination roasting on the recovery mechanism of precious metals from vanadium and carbon rich refrac tory gold minerals In this investigation the material composition and
·Sorelslag has also been used successfully for the production of titanium metal via molten salt chlorination Nowadays about half of the RTFT s sulfate slag is upgraded to a product called UGS which contains about 95% wt TiO 2 and is used as feedstock for the production of TiO 2 pigment or titanium metal via fluid bed chlorination
·Processing of magnesium bearing materials by dry chlorination An overview of kinetic aspects only at temperatures higher than 500 ° chlorination kinetics of hematite with Cl2 have been
·Ti bearing blast furnace slag is a kind of solid waste produced by Pangang Group Company through the blast furnace smelting method a production line for titanium extraction by chlorination with an annual treatment of 180 000 tons of TBFS has been established Huang and Zhang 1994 resulting in a high content of metal components in the
·The selective chlorination process of pre reduced limonitic nickel laterite using hydrogen chloride was investigated in this work In HCl O 2 H 2 O N 2 atmosphere the effects of variations in temperature the partial pressures of hydrogen chloride oxygen and water vapor and total gas flow rate were all studied It was found that the chlorination of nickel and cobalt
·for the optimization of the chlorination roasting process Therefore this paper aims to concurrently evaluate both the Li recovery ratio and the LiCl product purity as obtained through the chlorination roasting process Li is extracted from three dierent Li bearing minerals kunzite hiddenite
·To realize the efficient comprehensive utilization of refractory gold ore resources and environmental and economic gold extraction methods this study investigated the optimal chlorine source for
·<p>Titanium bearing blast furnace slag BFS has valuable compositions and potential environmental hazardousness Thus developing efficient and green approaches to utilize BFS is highly desired for resource economization and environmental protection In the past decades many attempts have been adopted to reuse BFS efficiently and significant advances
·The operating conditions required to remove the combined oxygen Me O from its bearing minerals are very difficult to obtain A suitable technique for such a purpose is chlorination Jena et al
·Mineral Processing and Environmental Engineering Team is Postdoctoral Due to the currently low metal market and new environ mental regulations more efficient flexible and environ This article focuses on the kinetics of chlorination and carbochlorination of these tantalum and niobium bearing concentrates with Cl 2 N 2 and Cl 2
·The chlorination rate of ZnO with Ar Cl2 O2 gas was measured from 1023 K to 1273 K and the effects of temperature and partial pressures of chlorine and oxygen were investigated The rate determining step of chlorination was considered to be the dissociation of intermediate between ZnO and Cl2 from linear relationship between reciprocal values of
The elemental mappings of the feed sample envisage the occurrence of both sodium and potassium bearing aluminium silicate phases From the micrograph the feldspar minerals are found to be composed of elongated and granular forms of various phases like albite orthoclase and microcline The ele Fig 3
·In recent years it has been reported that rubidium was extracted from these mineral resources by chlorination roasting method Yan et al 2012b Recent studies have shown that alkaline leaching in autoclave can also effectively decompose rubidium bearing minerals such as micas and potash feldspar Mulwanda et al 2021
·Common steps in primary magnesium production from ore for end use as a metal alloy or as a compound is the mining of the ore followed by mineral beneficiation through magnetic separation of Fe 3 O 4 and other techniques Ağrılı 2019 followed by the extraction of a magnesium bearing mineral magnesite and then conversion into